2. endobj *(e) gel permeation. How long till Hepatitis B shows symptoms? (a) How are these toxins similar? When the immune system fails to recognize its own body tissue and begins to attack it, it is known as what? C. marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken in the . Rhino virus True or False: Breast milk is considered a possible transmission source of bloodborne pathogens. 35. (f) gel filtration. heat Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. Saved Help Which of the following statements is correct about the human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans? The Shiga and diphtheria toxins target __________ in host cells. An infection that was not found to be present prior to hospital admission. The time between a pathogen invasion and the development of the first symptoms is called the what? ", "The use of gloves does not eliminate the need for proper and regular hand washing. Inflammation is a response to infection or injury that helps the body heal. Universal response b. C white blood cells. PTd?M5I$w7AKvnC=_$QisBH " Rjob/V? Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. ", Organisms or the toxins they produce that can cause disease in people or animals are known as, "Any item that has the potential to pierce, cut, or puncture the skin should be disposed of in a proper puncture proof container immediately after being used.". Test Prep. Which of the following must a pathogen possess in order for it to be successful at causing infectious disease? Make sure that all rats in the study are healthy. Section: 07.04, What are the first antibodies produced by a plasma cell? )IAjBhX3d_FXLM5[7w ;crmYzw=4+7+ts37m?FW`4Tm*;`BGAQx ."VE1 which of the following is a pathogen, risk is often presented as _________, which is a measure of the statistical likelihood that something will occur, generally speaking, as economic development occurs, the risk of exposure to indoor air pollution _______, and the impact of over consumption of food and tobacco _________, advocates of environmental justice seek which of the following, risks related to development spread evenly across all populations, You are working with a chemical, so to educate yourself about the chemical's hazard, you read its material safety data sheet (MSDS) the msds indicates that the LD50 for the chemical is 5 grams per kilogram body weight this LD50 indicates that____, Half of the animals tested died when given that dose of the chemical, Which of the following is a cryonic effect of exposure to a toxin, The process of risk assessment includes all of the following except, Weighing the risk against economic, social, and legal considerations, Although bisphenol (BPA) is found in plastics sold in the United States, the chemical has been banned in many countries because it is, thalidomide was banned because it was determined to be, leaded paint and gasoline are longer available in the US because lead is, which of the following pollutants is/are readily dissolved and transported in water, which of the following organisms runs the highest risk of harm as a result of the biological magnification of pollutants, which of the following diseases is spread via water containing infected human waste, how can a flu virus be more dangerous than the ebola virus, individuals infected with a flu virus tend to travel and spread the disease before they get sick, benefits that we draw from the environment, what disease is expected to become more widespread as a result of global climate change, prevent disease outbreaks and harm from natural disasters, air pollution causes considerable harm to human health, based on your understanding of how air pollution affects people, which of the following examples is most likely to cause harm, a carcinogen is released from gasoline while a car is being filled. neutrophils and macrophages %PDF-1.5 Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with chronically inflamed joints. Bacteria in a biofilm are coated in EPS and, therefore, are not easily treated with antibiotics. SOLVED:Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen that infects the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis. (b) In terms of quantity of pathogen, in what way are these periods different? *T cells possess specific receptors that help them identify antigens. Fungal and parasitic pathogens use pathogenic mechanisms and virulence factors that are similar to those of bacterial pathogens. A Bacteria pneumonia acid pH of stomach A) Anton van Leeuwenhoek B) Louis Pasteur C) Robert Koch . (a) How are these toxins similar? Can you place a Media in multiple MediaPlayers? Which virus may be a contrututing factor in the development of cervical cancer? passive, neutral interferon. 5. u|m_0 O0"Nff ~#e When stung by a bee, Jackie goes into anaphylactic shock. There is currently no vaccination available for Hepatitis B. a. pathogens Tuberculosis, rheumatic fever They phagocytize any pathogenic bacteria that attempt to infect. A Cold and flu <>>> True or False: Breast milk is considered a possible transmission source of bloodborne pathogens. Adhesins are usually located on __________ of the pathogen and are composed mainly of __________ and __________. Imagine that a mutation in the gene encoding the cholera toxin was made. they work very, very quickly. *The purpose of a vaccination is to prevent an infection by causing active immunity. *Cytotoxic T cells contain perforin molecules that punch holes in the plasma membranes of potential pathogens. 31. Ability to be transported initially to the host 2. Which of the following individuals introduced the terms "aerobes" and "anaerobes"? Section: 07.02, What cell types are involved in the inflammatory response? 33. produces T and B cells. microorganisms. True 4. AIDS is associated with the destruction of the white blood cells in the body. You have recently identified a new toxin. antigen binds to BCR; B cell divides; B cell activated; plasma cells form False, False B Inchworms Pages 35 Ratings 100% (6) 6 out of 6 people found this document helpful; Lymph capillaries drain directly into the right lymphatic duct. Kochs postulates are used to determine whether a particular microorganism is a pathogen. 10. Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. Section: 07.03, What is the definition of an antigen? q"]dg' ~2CqfR Z:+ C2'\&zQH4U^;D},}y 7HhTKy/5z'/wj\jB}H+Dzzke/}^bTY9bH]K0mY&0 j0#\0p(-&T"vUYIAcD+Hdb->[[~@+u@*i!VI7kiT.&S6dI&ezre^Zm;U;-)oR.s. ~s9(kB4)a26;]DP/>EahC_6KaKfho s2Lr`P(L"eG5dM|cGzU\BVszPdQj-XT2%dsg*fs9]XG%ZZ4cCzaOOzdivV> How can normal flora be a barrier to entry? Microbe c. Protozoa b. Bacteria d. Fungii ____ 2. OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Quiz 2: Statistics & Pathophysiology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. causing them to burst. 12. OSHA is responsible for the general safety and well-being of employees in almost all workplace environments and is a part of the United States Department of Labor, "In regards to bloodborne pathogen awareness and exposure prevention, you are held to the level of accountability as any other person working in the healthcare setting.". What does this mean for the movement of this chemical through the environment? True or False 3. False, True True toxic shock syndrome has been assiciated witht the use of what? Some helminths are so large that the immune system is ineffective against them. helper T cell Universal precautions Treating all human materials as if to be infected with bloodborne pathogens is called a. A person or population that comes in contact with a pathogen. Section: 07.02. Section: 07.03, In antibody-mediated immunity where does the antigen first bind? Under these conditions, which antibody levels would be higher than normal? Section: 07.02. A Mononucleosis The concentration of pathogen needed to kill 50% of an infected group of test animals is the __________. Two types of toxins are hemolysins and leukocidins. 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"source@https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology" ], https://bio.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fbio.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FMicrobiology%2FMicrobiology_(OpenStax)%2F15%253A_Microbial_Mechanisms_of_Pathogenicity%2F15.E%253A_Microbial_Mechanisms_of_Pathogenicity_(Exercises), \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( 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They cause an inflammatory response that kills pathogenic bacteria upon contact. a type of white blood cell Salmonella is the name of a group of bacteria that causes the infection salmonellosis. Which of the following is not one of the functions of the lymphatic system? Healthcare providers that use the sinks could also pick up the pathogen and transmit the bacterium to patients as well. Section: 07.04, Before working at the hospital, Beth was given a Mantoux skin test to detect tuberculosis. A . Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins, Introduction to Sports Medicine and Athletic Training, April Lynch, Jerome Kotecki, Karen Vail-Smith, Laura Bonazzoli, Janet L. Hopson, Rebecca J. Donatelle, Tanya R. Littrell. Microorganisms that do not cause disease. C. must list all department personnel by name, A Level UK Politics: Topic 4 - Voting Behavio, Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins, Medical Terminology: Learning Through Practice. Leishmania (Leishmaniasis). Explain three reasons why biofilm formers are more pathogenic. The virus infected the gorillas and chimpanzees, but only the chimpanzees got sick since the virus is not a pathogen to gorillas. Who is not at high risk for contracting MRSA? Let the upper rod have a mass of 7.0kg7.0 \mathrm{~kg}7.0kg and the lower rod a mass of 4.0kg4.0 \mathrm{~kg}4.0kg. In July 2015, a report1 was released indicating the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found on hospital sinks 10 years after the initial outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. They activate the complement system which punches holes in the invading pathogen. Which pathogen is most virulent? eosinophils and basophils A __________ cannot live without its host for very long. Uploaded By AndreaM8. Cilia, fimbriae, and pili are all examples of structures used by microbes for __________. eqR)BZZt[A True or false: Which pathogen needs a host cell to reproduce? Virulence, the degree to which a pathogen can cause disease, can be quantified by calculating either the ID50 or LD50 of a pathogen on a given population. Blood splash to the nose Needle stick Through the air Blood exposure to skin that is chapped or abraded 7, Which of the following is the appropriate place to dispose of glass pieces from broken slides or ampules? B Fungi Which of the following is a pathogen that could not be identified by the original Kochs postulates? Explain how helminths evade the immune system. neutrophils A. degrade antibodies False, False 83209Bi{ }_{83}^{209} \mathrm{Bi}83209Bi or 96242Cm{ }_{96}^{242} \mathrm{Cm}96242Cm. *Epinephrine counteracts the effects of histamine in anaphylactic shock. Describe the virulence factors associated with the fungal pathogen Aspergillus. B Virus Through a drop of infected blood on healthy skin. 21. B. This allowed Streptococcus, a bacterium normally present in the mouth, to gain access to the blood. B Measles In this case, the person has acquired a(n) __________ disease. *(a) gas-liquid. Which of the following is the most likely explanation? Explain how acupuncture could facilitate exposure to pathogens. School Georgia State University; Course Title MATH 2212; Type. plasma cell Section: 07.04, If you were vaccinated against the mumps virus and later exposed to it, you would still be infected but it would not be as bad as if you had never been vaccinated. A person steps on a rusty nail and develops tetanus. is composed of normal flora. a. She suspects that the bacterium's fimbriae are a virulence factor. All of the following groups are among the most vulnerable to infectious illnesses except? Which of the following are most likely to be. intact skin ____ 1. The final temperature of the system is 100^\circC. Nosocomial diseases are acquired from hospital settings. C. collagenase CINO2CINO_2CINO2 (NNN is the central atom), a harmful condition that is spread from one living thing to another. Which of the following is defined as a plant or animal so small it can only be seen with a microscope? Describe how molecular Kochs postulates could be used to test this hypothesis. a form of immune deficiency, anything the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body Certain complement proteins kill foreign microbes by Section: 07.02. Safety glasses are not necessary when working with BBP? is part of the inflammatory response. ____ 1. IgG A. Candida a generalized and nonspecific set of defenses against a class or group of pathogens. become plasma cells. Infect healthy rats with the complemented strain and see if the severity of disease is comparable to when rats are infected with the wild type pathogen. 16. True She suspects that the bacteriums fimbriae are a virulence factor. promote pathogen spread through connective tissue. D Protozoa, Which two diseases can be life threatening? bone marrow and thyroid A Virus B red blood cells. Which of the following is not a lymphatic organ? A 150 g copper bowl contains 220 g of water, both at 20.0^\circC. During an oral surgery, the surgeon nicked the patient's gum with a sharp instrument. Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of disease in Brian's case. IgA (a) Would the toxin be able to enter into the intestinal epithelial cell? We]D!DTJewEj(dd.v,"t?huBwh7Vr5qjazNlAZO;8?&EToAb#xBxjzl?ch"x\}CAASM{Pj\^ViATinfMi\k+>!aOi/_gw]6/U)M~+ 8c Zj-L*c. 27. 2. Protozoa adhere to target cells through complex mechanisms and can cause cellular damage through release of cytopathic substances. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. 1. IgM Huma immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is considered which type of virus? The human leg can be compared to a physical pendulum, with a "natural" swinging period at which walking is easiest. *Autoimmune diseases can be genetic or environmental. False 2. B cell activated; antigen binds to BCR; B cell divides; plasma cells form hepatitis The electric component of a beam of polarized light is Ey=(5.00V/m)sin[(1.00106m1)z+t]E_y=(5.00V/m)\sin[(1.00 \times 10^6 m^{-1})z + \omega t]Ey=(5.00V/m)sin[(1.00106m1)z+t]. Infect healthy rats with this mutant strain and look for decreased signs of disease. IgA antibodies prevent pathogens from attaching to epithelial cells in the digestive and respiratory tract. thyroid and tonsils Which of the following is NOT considered a bloodborne pathogen? I will be given an exposure plan by my clinical instructor/coordinator detailing what steps I should take if I am exposed to a potentially infectious source while at my clinical site. How many people die each year from HCV related liver failure? (a) In what way are both of these periods similar? plasma cells form; B cell divides; B cell activated; antigen binds to BCR, antigen binds to BCR; B cell activated; B cell divides; plasma cells form mycoses. Answer- Excavata is a major supergroup of unicellular organisms . D. It is produced by immune cells to target pathogens. *Lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow and T lymphocytes travel to the thymus to mature. "As a student, I am NOT required to receive the Hepatitis B vaccination prior to starting my clinical rotations. OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1030 is directed towards which healthcare concern? As a result, the patient developed bacterial endocarditis (an infection of the heart). in a household with smokers, which of the following health outcomes is most likely to occur, if a family was exposed to arsenic over a long period of time, which of the following health outcomes would be most likely, nervous system disorders and problems in brain development leading to low IQ. They are both forms of active immunity. C Yeast infection (b) How do they differ? Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. *Cytokines regulate white blood cell formation so they are being investigated as a possible treatment for AIDS. What type of response is this? Some infections cause disease, which is any deviation from the normal function or structure of the host. It is produced by a gram-negative bacterium. D. fimbriae, 14. IgG You also discover that it targets liver cells. True Section: 07.02, Which of the following is not a sign of inflammation? Phospholipases are enzymes that do which of the following? Inactivate the gene so that fimbriae are no longer produced. Treating all human materials as if to be infected with bloodborne pathogens is called. B fungus. Nb['hm sAR@`c&bChM=U,:n^W#*@'P|P\(Fdhv '?t2.qzM57r%e %KO%Li'[Tqo\,j6m False, True false Strep throat is caused by a? Identify the similarities and differences between a lake and a stream. B Mumps and measles Consider an airplane flying at a pressure altitude of 33,500 ft and a density altitude of 32,000 ft. *:Q ]+]lroYQ-Q$2B&qQ1pLOQ;tg# . 36. The lymphatic system will play a role in defending the body against pathogens and maintaining a state of homeostasis. Section: 07.03, Cytotoxic T cells contain what type of molecules that punch holes in the plasma membranes of potential pathogens?

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