John Lowry-Corry, Viscount Corry, eldest son of the Earl Belmore, 78. Signup for our newsletter to get notified about sales and new products. About 90 percent of those sitting in the House of Lords in 2020 are life peers. . Under the modern monarchy, one of the biggest privileges of being a peer, whether hereditary or life, is that it gives you the right to sit in Britain's House of Lords, the upper chamber of Great Britain's legislature. It entered the Brisith peerage system in 1440 during the Hundred Years' War when Henry VI, king of both England and France, bestowed the title on John Lord Beaumont in an effort to merge the two countries' ranks. William Stanhope, Viscount Petersham, eldest son of the Earl of Harrington, 45. Introduction of dukedoms into England Edward III of England created the first three dukedoms of England (Cornwall, Lancaster, and Clarence). Duke or Duchess - The Dukes were original of royal blood in England. Jamie St Clair-Erskine, Lord Loughborough, eldest son of the Earl of Rosslyn, 82. Any peer can bear his coronet of rank on his coat of arms above the shield. The Earl of Wessex, Harold Godwinson, pledges to honour Duke William of Normandy's claim to the throne of England. The current dukedom of Richmond was created in 1675 [lower-alpha 1] for Charles Lennox, the illegitimate son of King Charles II of England and a Breton noblewoman, Louise de Penancot de Krouaille . Nicholas Knatchbull, Lord Brabourne, eldest son of the Earl Mountbatten of Burma, 133. A second dukedom of Fife was created in 1900 that could pass through the female line, which was eventually inherited by Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife. Edward Villiers, Lord Hyde, eldest son of the Earl of Clarendon, 55. James Studley, Viscount Reidhaven, eldest son of the Earl of Seafield, 38. Charles Pepys, Viscount Crowhurst, eldest son of the Earl of Cottenham, 112. The Duke of Lancaster has merged with the Crown and so is held by the monarch. Frederick Alexander, Viscount Alexander, eldest son of the Earl of Caledon, 81. But those who live outside the U.K. have a difficult time deciphering the Brits' peerage system, which is a complex, overlapping web of dukes, earls, barons and more. Charles Dawson-Damer, Viscount Carlow, eldest son of the Earl of Portarlington, 74. (Elected officials make up the House of Commons, the government's lower chamber.) The rank originally signified a deputy or lieutenant of a count, during the Holy Roman Empire. James Drummond, Viscount of Strathallan, eldest son of the Earl of Perth, 22. But it placed junior "Dukes of the Blood Royal" above the most senior non-royal duke, junior "Earls of the Blood Royal" above the most senior non-royal earl (cf. Did England kick him off the island? All hereditary peers are formally addressed as "Lord (or Lady) So-and-So," except for dukes or duchesses who are addressed as "Your Grace." James Harris, Viscount FitzHarris, eldest son of the Earl of Malmesbury, 59. Duke of Hamilton, General Blake, Duke of Albemarle, Earl of Shaftsbury, Duke of Monmouth, Admiral Ruyter, . The Dukedoms of Gloucester and Kent will cease to be Royal Dukedoms upon the accessions of The Heir Apparents. Today, there are 34 marquesses. Harry Primrose, Lord Dalmeny, eldest son of the Earl of Rosebery and Midlothian, 40. Anthony Ashley-Cooper, Lord Ashley, eldest son of the Earl of Shaftesbury, 11. Adam Knox, Viscount Northland, eldest son of the Earl of Ranfurly (Peerage of Ireland), 102. This number does not include the most famous earl - the Earl of Wessex,. Dudley Ryder, Viscount Sandon, eldest son of the Earl of Harrowby, 91. Chester, Pembroke, Durham) whose titles were connected to entire counties, with regal jurisdiction (jura regalia) and enjoying full privileges and fruits of royal seigniory, (2) earldoms created by the king and appointed to a county, but only enjoying right to a third of the profits of the pleas of the county court; (3) earldoms created by royal grants of large tracts of land to be held in feudal service (per servitum unius comitatus), erecting the tract to a county to support the earldom. Winston Churchill and the. A duke thus outranks all other holders of titles of nobility (marquess, earl, viscount and baron or lord of parliament). 11. Jonathan Forbes, Viscount Forbes, eldest son of the Earl of Granard, 64. The royal dukes are Dukes of the United Kingdom, but rank higher in the order of precedence than the age of their titles warrants, due to their close relationship to the monarch. Barons, viscounts, earls, marquesses and most dukes might have some hereditary connection with the current royal family in that almost everyone in the UK seems to have some relationship to on or more of the early Edwards, but only royal dukes are royalty; the rest are members of the nobility. A grandson of Queen Victoria, who had also made him Duke of Saxe-Coburg, he found himself on the German side in World War I, lost his title in 1919 and moved into the welcoming arms of Hitler. To conclude: England's Marquesses own only a tenth as much land as the highest tier of aristocracy, the Dukes - though to be fair, much of the 1 million acres of land owned by the Dukes is to be found in Scotland as well as England. Prior to an Act of Parliament in 1824, Protestant deputies were required when the Earl Marshal was a Roman Catholic, which occurred frequently due to the Catholicism of the Norfolks. The longest-reigning monarch of the United Kingdom, Elizabeth II had held that position since 1952. But any "open" dukedom must have a clean past to be considered. [citation needed]. The last British dukedom to become extinct was the title of Duke of Portland in 1990.[1]. Arthur Howard, Viscount Andover, eldest son of the Earl of Suffolk and Berkshire, 6. William Cunliffe-Lister, Lord Masham, eldest son of the Earl of Swinton, 134. Anthony Brabazon, Lord Ardee, eldest son of the Earl of Meath, 62. In the United Kingdom, there is nothing intrinsic to any dukedom that makes it "royal". Philip Yorke, Viscount Royston, eldest son of the Earl of Hardwick, 49. The list of the 14 illegitimate children of King Charles II, per Wikipedia: By Lucy Walter (c. 1630 - 1658), a Welsh noblewoman: James Crofts, later Scott (1649-1685), created Duke of Monmouth (1663) in England and Duke of Buccleuch (1663) in Scotland. The Duke of Norfolk is considered the Premier Duke of England. The position of Earl Marshal had a Deputy called the Knight Marshal from the reign of Henry VIII until the office was abolished in 1846.[9]. The current royal dukedoms, held as principal titles, in order of precedence, are: The following dukedoms are currently held as secondary titles by members of the royal family: Duke of Cornwall is a secondary title of the Sovereign's eldest son in England, [1] [8] currently held by Charles, Prince of Wales. Female titles are given in parenthesis and usually designate the wife of a peer. The premier duke of Ireland is the Duke of Leinster.[2]. Contents 1 History of the Dukedom 1.1 Dukes of Richmond and Somerset (1525) 1.2 Dukes of Richmond (1623) 1.3 Dukes of Richmond (1641) Earl Marshal is a hereditary royal officeholder and chivalric title under the sovereign of the United Kingdom used in England (then, following the Act of Union 1800, in the United Kingdom). As the eldest son of the Sovereign, the Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay ranks higher in precedence than he would by virtue of the seniority of his dukedoms alone. David Marsham, Viscount Marsham, eldest son of the Earl of Romney, 83. Shane Jocelyn, Viscount Jocelyn, eldest son of the Earl of Roden, 70. Good to know in case you get that invite to stay at some nobleman's country estate. The order did not apply within Parliament, nor did it grant precedence above the archbishop of Canterbury or other Great Officers of State such as is now enjoyed by royal dukes. Note that it does not include extant earldoms which have become merged (either through marriage or elevation) with marquessates or dukedoms and are today only seen as subsidiary titles. The coronets of the royal family are dictated by letters patent. 04 Mar 2023 20:18:00 George Child-Villiers, Viscount Villiers, eldest son of the Earl of Jersey, 14. Within the borders of the County Palatine of Lancashire, therefore, the monarch is hailed as "The King/Queen, The Duke of Lancaster" (even when the monarch is a queen regnant, by tradition she does not use the title Duchess). Somehow we had used double the fuel as last week, with only . Francis Ronald Egerton is the 7th Duke of Sutherland and most of his wealth comes from his art collection and 12,000 acres in the Scottish Borders and East Anglia. All but three of the non-royal ducal titles which became extinct did so before the 20th century (the Duke of Leeds became extinct in 1964, the Duke of Newcastle in 1988, and the Duke of Portland in 1990). PA Net worth: 580 million Age: 76 Francis Ronald Egerton is the 7th Duke of Sutherland and most of his wealth comes from his art collection and owning 12,000 acres in the Scottish Borders and East Anglia. Photo: 11th Duke of Devonshire by Allan Warren, own work, CC BY-SA 3.0 Dukes are the highest-ranking tier of the British aristocracy - a select elite within an elite, ranking above Marquesses, Earls, Barons and Viscounts, whose lands and titles derive from centuries of Royal patronage. The wife of a duke is known as a duchess, which is also the title of a woman who holds a dukedom in her own right, referred to as a duchess suo jure; her husband, however, does not receive any title. Until the reign of Edward III in the 14th century, the peerage of England consisted exclusively of earls and barons. The change comes amid King Charles III bestowing the new title of Earl of Chester onto his eldest son, Prince William. The Dukedom of Abercorn was created after the. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. At present there are 24 dukes (not including royal dukes). James Grant of Rothiemurchus, Lord Huntingtower, eldest son of the Earl of Dysart, 31. Heir Apparent: Charles Gordon-Lennox, Earl of March and Kinrara. Mike Marsland/Getty. His eldest son Edward, the Black Prince, was created Duke of Cornwall, the first English Duke, in 1337. The term was brought to England in 1385 by King Richard II, who learned of its usage in other countries. Edward Waldegrave, Viscount Chewton, eldest son of the Earl Waldegrave, 44. Earl of Gloucester (1121) Alan of Penthivre. Henry Noel, Viscount Campden, eldest son of the Earl of Gainsborough, 110. The current royal dukedoms, held as principal titles, in order of precedence, are: The following dukedoms are currently held by William, Prince of Wales: With the exceptions of the dukedoms of Cornwall and Rothesay (which can only be held by the eldest living son of the sovereign who is also the heir apparent), these dukedoms are hereditary according to the letters patent that created them. Duke of Devonshire is a title in the Peerage of England held by members of the Cavendish family.This (now the senior) branch of the Cavendish family has been one of the wealthiest British aristocratic families since the 16th century and has been rivalled in political influence perhaps only by the Marquesses of Salisbury and the Earls of Derby. Mark Asquith, Viscount Asquith, eldest son of the Earl of Oxford and Asquith, 127. George Cadogan, Viscount Chelsea, eldest son of the Earl Cadogan, 58. The highest-ranking royal dukedoms are Lancaster, which is held by the Sovereign, and Cornwall, which is awarded to the Sovereign's eldest son (Prince Charles is also known as the Duke of Cornwall.). Royal dukedoms - that is, those granted to members of the monarch's family - have been created since 1337, when Edward III made his eldest son Duke of Cornwall, and there is no reason to think they will not continue. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. His huller-i} a duke, his groom an. Out of the 74 times, 37 titles are now extinct (including the two women's), 16 titles were forfeit or surrendered, 10 were merged with the Crown, and 11 are extant (see list below). In the Peerage of England, the title of duke was created 74 times (using 40 different titles: the rest were recreations). David Boyle, Viscount of Kelburn, eldest son of the Earl of Glasgow, 41. Felix Pery, Viscount Glentworth, eldest son of the Earl of Limerick, 85. No such descendant has done so. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. English Earls of March, fourth Creation (1675) The title is now held by the Duke of Richmond, and is used as a courtesy title by his heir apparent, currently Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox (born 1994), Earl of March and Kinrara. Richard Charteris, Lord Elcho, eldest son of the Earl of Wemyss and March, 28. Some of these seats are no longer occupied by the families with which they are associated, and some are ruinous e.g. Jonathan Herbert, Viscount Clive, eldest son of the Earl of Powis, 86. Oliver St John, Viscount Kirkwall, eldest son of the Earl of Orkney, 37. The Act provides that a successor of a person thus deprived of a peerage can petition the Crown for revival of the title. The dukes of Norfolk have held the office since 1672. Ranulf le Meschin. Dukes in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, List of heirs of Dukes in the Peerages of the British Isles, Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk, Charles Gordon-Lennox, 11th Duke of Richmond, Alexander Douglas-Hamilton, 16th Duke of Hamilton, Charles Gordon-Lennox, 11th Duke of Lennox, Alexander Douglas-Hamilton, 13th Duke of Brandon, Alexander Montagu, 13th Duke of Manchester, Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Gordon. This is a list of the 190 present and extant earls in the Peerages of England, Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. Charles Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley, eldest son of the Earl of Snowdon, 135. James Mountbatten-Windsor, Viscount Severn, eldest son of the Earl of Wessex, Earl of Clancarty, Earl of Norbury, Earl Russell, Earl Haig, Earl Attlee, and Earl of Woolton, List of earls in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, Earls in the Peerages of Britain and Ireland, List of heirs of Earls in the Peerages of the British Isles, Peerage of the United Kingdom (also includes heirs apparent for Irish peerages created after 1800). The last English dukedom to be forfeit became so in 1715. And at Tesco I could replenish the wine stocks with a box of 3l of te cheapest red. Luke Foljambe, Viscount Hawkesbury, eldest son of the Earl of Liverpool, 124. the Whole Making a Compendious Abstract of the British History from the Death of King William III. Coronet of the dukes of Sussex and of York. The holders of the dukedoms are royal, not the titles themselves. The titles of Duke of York and the Duke of Gloucester have both become extinct more than once and been re-created as titles within the Peerage of the United Kingdom. George Pelham, Lord Worsley, eldest son of the Earl of Yarborough, 108. At the moment there are 191 earls, so you've got a chance of meeting one in the wild. The Duke of Argyll (Scottish Gaelic: Dic Earra-Ghidheil) is a title, created by Letters Patent in the Peerage of Scotland June 23, 1701 and in the Peerage of the United Kingdom April 7, 1892. They are titles created and bestowed on legitimate sons and male-line grandsons of the British monarch, usually upon reaching their majority or marriage. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, List of dukedoms in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, Dukes in the Peerage of Ireland created before 1801, Dukes in the Peerage of the United Kingdom and Dukes in the Peerage of Ireland created after 1801, HRH The Prince Charles, 24th Duke of Cornwall, Peregrine Cavendish, 12th Duke of Devonshire, Jamie Spencer-Churchill, 12th Duke of Marlborough, HRH The Prince Charles, 23rd Duke of Rothesay, Charles Wellesley, 9th Duke of Wellington, HRH Prince Richard, 2nd Duke of Gloucester, HRH The Prince Philip, 1st Duke of Edinburgh, HRH Prince William, 1st Duke of Cambridge, http://www.debretts.com/people/essential-guide-peerage/ranks-and-privileges-peerage/duke, Extant dukedoms in the peerages of the British Isles, List of dukes in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, Currently divorced with issue but no sons. ), Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage: Clan Chiefs, Scottish Feudal Barons (107th Edition, Burke's Peerage Ltd, London, 2003) Supposedly, Edward is holding out for the title Duke of Edinburgh, currently held by his father, Prince Philip, in order to carry on his work after Philip dies. 144963533527 The Duke of Cornwall holds precedence above all dukes, royal and non-royal, and is the Duke of Rothesay, and of Cambridge. ); the earl's daughters are Ladies. He supports Her Majesty in her official duties - often alongside his wife The Countess of Wessex - as well as undertaking public engagements for a large number of his own charities. There was formerly an Earl Marshal of Ireland and earl marischal of Scotland . Earl of Richmond (1136) Earl of Cornwall (1140) Hugh de Beaumont. John Scott, Viscount Encombe, eldest son of the Earl of Eldon, 97. This article serves as an introduction to the British peerage*, which has evolved over the centuries into the five ranks that exist today: duke, marquess, earl, viscount and baron. Davis Ogilvy, Lord Ogilvy, eldest son of the Earl of Airlie, 30. Sorted by (historical) entity at time of grant, Earldoms in the Peerage of England, 10661707, Earldoms in the Peerage of Scotland, 10721707, Earldoms in the Peerage of Great Britain, 17071801, Earldoms in the Peerage of Ireland, 12051831, Earldoms in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, 1801 to present. Even when the monarch is a Queen regnant, she does not use the title of Duchess. The last English dukedom to be forfeit became so in 1715. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, List of earls in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, List of earls in the reign of Richard III of England, List of the titled nobility of England and Ireland 13001309, Complete Peerage, 1st edition, Vol VIII, P 171, Earls in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 22nd Earl of Shrewsbury, William Hastings-Bass, 17th Earl of Huntingdon, Robert Fiennes-Clinton, 19th Earl of Lincoln, Daniel Finch-Hatton, 17th Earl of Winchilsea, Nicholas Ashley-Cooper, 12th Earl of Shaftesbury, Daniel Finch-Hatton, 12th Earl of Nottingham, William Child Villiers, 10th Earl of Jersey, Alistair Sutherland, 25th Earl of Sutherland, Simon Bowes-Lyon, 19th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, George Baillie-Hamilton, 14th Earl of Haddington, James Lindesay-Bethune, 16th Earl of Lindsay, Simon Abney-Hastings, 15th Earl of Loudoun, Alexander Leslie-Melville, 15th Earl of Leven, James Douglas-Hamilton, 11th Earl of Selkirk, Filippo Rospigliosi, 12th Earl of Newburgh, Alexander Scrymgeour, 12th Earl of Dundee, Patrick Hope-Johnstone, 11th Earl of Annandale and Hartfell, Alexander Leslie-Melville, 14th Earl of Melville, Charles Finch-Knightley, 12th Earl of Aylesford, Charles Stanhope, 12th Earl of Harrington, George Hobart-Hampden, 10th Earl of Buckinghamshire, Robin Fox-Strangways, 10th Earl of Ilchester, William Pleydell-Bouverie, 9th Earl of Radnor, Alexander Murray, 8th and 9th Earl of Mansfield, Christopher Edgcumbe, 9th Earl of Mount Edgcumbe, Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 22nd Earl of Waterford, William Anthony Nugent, 13th Earl of Westmeath, Robert King-Tenison, 12th Earl of Kingston, George Dawson-Damer, 7th Earl of Portarlington, Richard Hely-Hutchinson, 8th Earl of Donoughmore, Richard Graham-Toler, 7th Earl of Norbury, Peter St Clair-Erskine, 7th Earl of Rosslyn, Timothy Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 7th Earl of Minto, James Temple-Gore-Langton, 9th Earl Temple of Stowe, Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 5th Earl of Cranbrook, Raymond Asquith, 3rd Earl of Oxford and Asquith, Simon Bowes-Lyon, 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, Benedict Baldwin, 5th Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, David Lloyd George, 4th Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, Norton Knatchbull, 3rd Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Shane Alexander, 2nd Earl Alexander of Tunis, Mark Cunliffe-Lister, 4th Earl of Swinton, David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon, Alexander Macmillan, 2nd Earl of Stockton, Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex and Earl of Forfar, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_earldoms&oldid=1140854177, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 1st creation; recreated 1031, 1055, 1065, 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 1st creation; recreated 1067, 1141, 1227, 1321, 1360, 1461, 1465, 1866, 2nd creation; recreated 1055, 1065, 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 1st creation; recreated 1052, 1058, 1067, 1141, 1199, 2nd creation; forfeit 10511057; recreated 1051, 1067, 2nd creation; recreated 1058, 1067, 1141, 1199, 3rd creation; recreated 1065, 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 4th creation; recreated 1067, 1067, 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 2nd creation; recreated 1141, 1227, 1321, 1360, 1461, 1465, 1866, 5th creation; recreated 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 6th creation; recreated 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 7th creation; forfeit 10681070; recreated 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 1st creation; recreated 1140, 1141, 1180, 1189, 1217, 1225, 1307, 1330, 8th creation; recreated 1070, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 1st creation; recreated 1071, 1121, 1232, 1253, 1264, 1850, 2nd creation; recreated 1121, 1232, 1253, 1264, 1850, 9th creation; recreated 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 11th creation; recreated 1086, 1139, 1189, 3rd creation; recreated 1232, 1253, 1264, 1850, 2nd creation; recreated 1141, 1180, 1189, 1217, 1225, 1307, 1330, 3rd creation; recreated 1180, 1189, 1217, 1225, 1307, 1330, 3rd creation; recreated 1227, 1321, 1360, 1461, 1465, 1866, granted by Empress Matilda, unconfirmed by subsequent monarchs, never used by descendants, 4th creation; recreated 1189, 1217, 1225, 1307, 1330, 5th creation; recreated 1217, 1225, 1307, 1330, 4th creation; recreated 1321, 1360, 1461, 1465, 1866, de Clinton, Pelham-Clinton-Hope, Fiennes-Clinton, extinct 1661, on the death of the 2nd earl, this title was possibly never actually created, but has been claimed as a subsidiary title by the, extinct 1942, on the death of the 8th earl, de Moravia/Sutherland, Gordon, Sutherland, Leveson-Gower, Sutherland (Janson), peerage earldom dormant, territorial earldom extant, peerage for life only; subsidiary title of the, de Burgh, Plantagenet, Mortimer, Plantagenet, second creation (the first was in the Peerage of Great Britain), Montagu-Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, Wortley, British Army officer; Commander-in-Chief of the Forces (from 1900 to 1904); former Commander-in-Chief of the British Forces in South Africa, Commander-in-Chief, Ireland, and Commander-in-Chief, India, colonial administrator; Consul-General of Egypt (from 1883 to 1907), Conservative Party politician; former First Commissioner of Works (from 1902 to 1905), Liberal Party politician; Lord Steward of the Household (from 1905 to 1907), Liberal Party politician; Lord High Chancellor (from 1905 to 1912), former Prime Minister (from 1894 to 1895); also, Liberal Party politician; Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (from 1908 to 1913); former Governor of Victoria (from 1895 to 1900), Conservative Party politician; former Viceroy of India (from 1899 to 1905); created, British Army officer and cabinet minister; Secretary of State for War (from 1914 to 1916); formerly British Consul-General in Egypt and Commander-in-Chief, India, Conservative Party politician; former Chancellor of the Exchequer (from 1895 to 1902); elevated to an earldom following his work on government finances during the First World War, cousin and brother-in-law of George V; ennobled after relinquishing his German titles, Liberal Party politician; Lord Chief Justice of England (from 1913 to 1921) and former Attorney General (from 1910 to 1913); created, Royal Navy officer; Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Fleet (from 1916 to 1919), British Army officer; Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force (from 1915 to 1919), Conservative Party and Irish Unionist Alliance politician; former leader of the latter (from 1910 to 1919) and a former cabinet minister, Liberal Party politician and colonial administrator; Governor-General of South Africa (from 1914 to 1920), Conservative Party politician; Foreign Secretary (from 1919 to 1924); former Viceroy of India (from 1899 to 1905); subsidiary title of the, former Prime Minister (from 1902 to 1905). Heraldic representation of the Coronet of a British Duke. While non-royal dukes are entitled to a coronet of eight strawberry leaves, to bear at a coronation and on his coat of arms, royal dukes are entitled to princely coronets (four cross pattes alternating with four strawberry leaves).

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